重庆邮电大学2019年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试运筹学题+答案

运筹学03:01来自learningyard学苑运筹学是现代管理学的一门重要专业基础课，是应用数学和形式科学的跨领域研究，利用统计学、数学模型和算法等方法，去

寻找复杂问题中的最佳或近似最佳的解答。
它是20世纪30年代初发展起来的一门新兴学科，其主要目的是在决策时为管理人员提供科学依据。是实现有效管理、正确决策和现代化管理的重要方法之一。运筹学经常用于解决现实生活中的复杂问题，特别是改善或优化现有系统的效率。 研究运筹学的基础知识包括实分析、矩阵论、随机过程、离散数学和算法基础等。而在应用方面，多与仓储、物流、算法等领域相关。因此运筹学与应用数学、工业工程、计算机科学、经济管理等相关专业。
运筹学主要研究经济活动和军事活动中能用数量来表达的有关策划、管理方面的问题。当然，随着客观实际的发展，运筹学的许多内容不但研究经济和军事活动，有些已经深入到日常生活当中去了。运筹学可以根据问题的要求，通过数学上的分析、运算，得出各种各样的结果，最后提出综合性的合理安排，以达到最好的效果。
运筹学作为一门用来解决实际问题的学科，在处理千差万别的各种问题时，一般有以下几个步骤：确定目标、制定方案、建立模型和制定解法。
虽然不大可能存在能处理极其广泛对象的运筹学，但是在运筹学的发展过程中还是形成了某些抽象模型，并能应用解决较广泛的实际问题。
随着科学技术和生产力的发展，运筹学已渗入到很多领域，发挥着越来越重要的作用。运筹学本身也在不断发展，涵盖线性规划、非线性规划、整数规划、组合规划、图论、网络流、决策分析、排队论、可靠性数学理论、库存论、博弈论、搜索论以及模拟等分支。
运筹学有广阔的应用领域，它已渗透到诸如服务、搜索、人口、对抗、控制、时间表、资源分配、厂址定位、能源、设计、生产、可靠性等各个方面。
运筹学是软科学中“硬度”较大的一门学科，是系统工程学和现代管理科学中的一种基础理论和不可缺少的方法、手段和工具。运筹学已被应用到各种管理工程中，在现代化建设中发挥着重要作用。
该试题答案由小编自己整理，如有错误欢迎指正。
operational research is an important professional basic course of modern management. it is a cross-field study of applied mathematics and formal science. it uses statistics, mathematical models, and algorithms to find the best or approximately best solutions to complex problems.
it is an emerging discipline developed in the early 1930s, and its main purpose is to provide a scientific basis for managers when making decisions. it is one of the important methods to realize effective management, correct decision-making and modern management. operations research is often used to solve complex problems in real life, especially to improve or optimize the efficiency of existing systems. the basic knowledge of operations research includes real analysis, matrix theory, stochastic process, discrete mathematics and algorithm foundation. in terms of applications, it is mostly related to warehousing, logistics, and algorithms. therefore, operations research and applied mathematics, industrial engineering, computer science, economic management and other related majors.
operational research mainly studies the problems related to planning and management that can be expressed in quantities in economic activities and military activities. of course, with the development of objective reality, many aspects of operations research not only study economic and military activities, but some have gone deep into daily life. operations research can obtain various results through mathematical analysis and calculations according to the requirements of the problem, and finally propose comprehensive and reasonable arrangements to achieve the best results.
as a discipline used to solve practical problems, operations research generally has the following steps when dealing with diverse problems: determining goals, formulating plans, establishing models, and formulating solutions.
although it is unlikely that there will be operations research that can handle a wide range of objects, some abstract models have been formed during the development of operations research and can be applied to solve a wide range of practical problems.
with the development of science and technology and productivity, operations research has penetrated into many fields and is playing an increasingly important role. operational research itself is also constantly developing, covering linear programming, nonlinear programming, integer programming, combinatorial programming, graph theory, network flow, decision analysis, queuing theory, reliability mathematical theory, inventory theory, game theory, search theory, simulation, etc. branch.
operational research has a wide range of applications, and it has penetrated into various aspects such as service, search, population, confrontation, control, timetable, resource allocation, plant location, energy, design, production, reliability, etc.
operational research is a subject with greater "hardness" in soft science, and it is a basic theory and indispensable method, means and tool in systems engineering and modern management science. operations research has been applied to various management projects and plays an important role in modernization.
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参考资料：英文翻译来源google翻译，运筹学概念资料来源百度百科
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